Race to November
California · Ballot measures · 2026

California's tax measures split voters by the cost that weighs most

On Propositions 40, 3 and 43, California voters for whom housing costs weigh most land on the opposite side from voters for whom property taxes weigh most. These are new PharosGraph audiences available through L2, and each dot stands for 1,500 of the 7,741,580 voters in the two groups who lean one way or the other on the measure shown.

California voters by the cost that weighs most and their side on Props 40, 3 and 43 Data week of 14 October 2026
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What you are looking at

The dots are California voters for whom housing costs weigh most, in green, and voters for whom property taxes weigh most, in amber. Bright dots lean toward the measure shown and dim dots lean against it, and the buttons above the map switch between Propositions 40, 3 and 43. Each dot stands for 1,500 voters placed at random inside their block group.

How it is built

The Cost of Living Main Driver audiences name the cost that weighs most on each voter's own budget. They describe the voter's costs, not the voter's opinion. The Support and Oppose audiences for each measure are modeled positions, not polling. About one voter in ten in each group has no confident position on a given measure and isn't drawn, so each group's two shares add to about 90 percent.

Why these voters, and why now

Three of the tax measures on California's ballot ask who pays, and on all three the cost that weighs most on a voter lines up with the side that voter leans toward. Two of the propositions tax the wealthiest. Proposition 40 is a one-time tax of five percent on the assets of about 200 billionaires, mostly to fund healthcare, and Proposition 3 makes the high-earner income tax that dates from 2012 permanent. The third goes the other way. Proposition 43 makes new local taxes harder to pass by requiring a two-thirds vote for a special tax that citizens put on the ballot.

California voters for whom housing costs weigh most lean toward the billionaire tax, with 51 percent in support and 39 percent opposed. Voters for whom property taxes weigh most lean against it by more than two to one, with 65 percent opposed and 25 percent in support. Proposition 3 splits the two groups the same way, and Proposition 43 splits them in reverse. The Support and Oppose audiences alone find the voters already leaning each way. Layering on the cost driver audiences picks out a slice of each side that a campaign can reach with a message about the cost that weighs on it most. Ballots went out by October 5, and vote centers open October 24 in Voter's Choice Act counties.

Costs lead the governor race too. On PharosGraph's weekly ranking of the issues in that race, cost of living and inflation ranks first and housing affordability and homelessness ranks second. The three measures put a price on that debate.

Los Angeles County holds the most voters in both groups, including 41 percent of the voters for whom housing costs weigh most who lean toward Proposition 40. Voters for whom property taxes weigh most make up their largest share of the electorate in Marin, San Mateo and Santa Clara counties.

Statewide, about four in ten voters lean toward Proposition 40 and half lean against it. Within each side sit large slices defined by cost. Of the voters leaning toward the tax, 3,465,640 are voters for whom housing costs weigh most, and of those leaning against it, 1,142,082 are voters for whom property taxes weigh most.

Those slices are what make precision messaging possible. The Support and Oppose audiences alone give a campaign every voter already leaning its way on a measure. Layering on the cost driver audiences tells it which cost to talk about with each slice of those voters: housing costs with one, the property tax bill with the other. Instead of one message for a whole side, a campaign can send the voters in each slice a message about the cost that weighs on them most. Campaigns and issue groups on any of the three measures should reach these voters before vote centers open on October 24. PharosGraph ranks these audiences weekly and refreshes them monthly, so a campaign activating now reaches this fall's voters. The Support and Oppose audiences for all three measures and the Cost of Living Main Driver audiences are available now through L2 DataMapping and in LiveRamp.

The voters on this map are PharosGraph audiences

PharosGraph scores every registered voter in the country, one voter at a time, on the issues in the news. Those scores are published through L2 Data as audiences that campaigns and agencies activate in LiveRamp or L2 DataMapping, the same way as any other third-party segment.

Open LiveRamp Connect → Open L2 DataMapping → Request a Walkthrough → Data Marketplace · seller: L2 Data · provider: PharosGraph
On this map
PharosGraph Cost of Living Driven by Housing Costs6,857,100
PharosGraph Cost of Living Driven by Property Taxes1,768,461
PharosGraph CA Proposition 40 Billionaire Tax Support8,914,438
PharosGraph CA Proposition 40 Billionaire Tax Oppose10,916,877
PharosGraph CA Proposition 3 Schools and Health Care Funding Support9,114,409
PharosGraph CA Proposition 3 Schools and Health Care Funding Oppose10,716,937
PharosGraph CA Proposition 43 Special Tax Vote Threshold Support10,755,595
PharosGraph CA Proposition 43 Special Tax Vote Threshold Oppose9,075,720

The map crosses the two cost audiences with each measure's Support and Oppose audiences. Each voter has one main cost, so the two cost groups don't overlap, and no voter is in both a measure's Support and Oppose audiences.

Related audiences to look for
Taxes
PharosGraph Taxes and Property Tax Relief Top 10 Percent Salience Voters in the top tenth nationally for focus on taxes
PharosGraph Taxes and Property Tax Relief 10 to 20 Percent Salience The next tenth
PharosGraph Taxes Progressive Voters who are progressive on taxes
PharosGraph Taxes Leans Progressive Voters who lean progressive on taxes
PharosGraph Taxes Centrist Voters in the center on taxes
PharosGraph Taxes Leans Conservative Voters who lean conservative on taxes
PharosGraph Taxes Conservative Voters who are conservative on taxes
Other costs
PharosGraph Cost of Living Driven by Gas and Utilities Voters for whom gas and utility bills weigh most
PharosGraph Cost of Living Driven by Healthcare Costs Voters for whom healthcare costs weigh most
PharosGraph Cost of Living Driven by Childcare Costs Voters for whom childcare costs weigh most
California governor
PharosGraph CA Governor 2026 Democratic Persuade Voters in play for Xavier Becerra
PharosGraph CA Governor 2026 Republican Persuade Voters in play for Steve Hilton
PharosGraph CA Governor 2026 Democratic GOTV Supporters of Xavier Becerra, ranked highest for turnout priority
PharosGraph CA Governor 2026 Republican GOTV Supporters of Steve Hilton, ranked highest for turnout priority

These are a few of the audiences PharosGraph publishes through L2. The full catalog covers issue focus, issue positions, local community issues, candidates and ballot measures.

See all PharosGraph audiences →
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